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You have mentioned Expiratory Apnoeas on a number of occassins. I have been unable to locate any articles regarding them. I have read your other thread, but am still none he wiser.
Hello Daniel !
You are right; if you search for Expiratory Apneas you will find only a few articles. This term I have from my sleep Doctor. He is very well known with this phenomenon.
But I think there is no official term for this phenomenon yet.
I have found this definition of “Respiratory Pause” on Sleepdisordersguide.com, and on a couple of other sleep centers home page:
Respiratory Pause
“Respiratory pauses include obstructive apnea, central apnea, mixed apnea, obstructive expiratory apnea, post-sigh apnea, central hypoventilation, obstructive hypoventilation and periodic breathing.”
The last four definitions, I never had heart about.
I also have found a definition of expiratory apnea:
"Obstructive expiratory apnea has received little attention. It is defined as absence of polysomnographically recorded nasal and oral airflow in the presence of continued expiratory effort against an occluded upper airway. Almost all expiratory apneas are preceded by an augmented breath or sigh. Upper airway occlusion may occur at any level, from the oropharynx to the larynx. Significant heart rate deceleration occurs during the first third of the respiratory pause in a manner similar to that seen during the Valsalva maneuver. There is little change in the SaO2 in spite of the length of the apnea. This might be explained by a temporary increase in lung volume and positive expiratory pressure. "
But there are a lot of articles on the internet – but with other terms.
The phenomenon has been known for some ears.
The oldest article (1999) I have found use the term “Expiratory flow limitation during sleep”. Here is the URL:
http://erj.ersjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/10/2116
They postulate that this is the first time that expiratory flow limitation during sleep has been reported.
Another article (from 2001) uses the term “expiratory abdominal muscle activity”. Here is the URL:
http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/120/2/390
They also postulate that this is the first time this phenomenon is described.
Here is an article from Laryngoscope (only abstract) from 2003 where they concluded that airway obstruction during sleep is not limited to inspiration but may also occur with expiration.
http://www.laryngoscope.com/pt/re/laryngoscope/abstract.00005537-200309000-00004.htm;jsessionid=LWKVqHCVn7ZdQCj7yQDYjTWxJHm113HMkXGWW8yByQHr9GJjBCFJ!-1109333067!181195628!8091!-1
But you can find a lot of articles under other terms like:
Expiratory obstruction
Expiration obstruction
Valsalva apnea / obstruction // Inspiratory = Müllers
And a lot of other terms.
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How can you have daytime problems with Apnoeas ?
The word Apnea is Greek and means "No Wind". You can have Apneas whitout sleeping. The most common is Adenoides.
But in my case I can't breathe out when laying on my back, or when I lay on a deck-chair. (Then I have to mouth breathe)
When I am sleeping this problems worsened, and then I can't lay on my right side too.
So for the moment I have to fixate my sleep position on my left side, because I can't tolerate the nessesary CPAP pressure to eliminate this apneas.
Henning